@article {119, title = {Dual activation of the Drosophila toll pathway by two pattern recognition receptors.}, journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)}, volume = {302}, year = {2003}, month = {2003 Dec 19}, pages = {2126-30}, abstract = {The Toll-dependent defense against Gram-positive bacterial infections in Drosophila is mediated through the peptidoglycan recognition protein SA (PGRP-SA). A mutation termed osiris disrupts the Gram-negative binding protein 1 (GNBP1) gene and leads to compromised survival of mutant flies after Gram-positive infections, but not after fungal or Gram-negative bacterial challenge. Our results demonstrate that GNBP1 and PGRP-SA can jointly activate the Toll pathway. The potential for a combination of distinct proteins to mediate detection of infectious nonself in the fly will refine the concept of pattern recognition in insects.}, keywords = {Animals, Carrier Proteins, DNA Transposable Elements, Drosophila, Drosophila Proteins, Gene Expression, Genes, Insect, Gram-Negative Bacteria, Gram-Positive Bacteria, Hemolymph, Hypocreales, Insect Proteins, Mutation, Phenotype, Receptors, Cell Surface, Serine Endopeptidases, Toll-Like Receptors}, issn = {1095-9203}, doi = {10.1126/science.1085432}, author = {Gobert, Vanessa and Gottar, Marie and Matskevich, Alexey A and Rutschmann, Sophie and Royet, Julien and Belvin, Marcia and Hoffmann, Jules A and Ferrandon, Dominique} }