@article {149, title = {Toll signaling pathways in the innate immune response.}, journal = {Current opinion in immunology}, volume = {12}, year = {2000}, month = {2000 Feb}, pages = {13-9}, abstract = {The Toll signaling pathway, which is required for the establishment of the dorsal-ventral axis in Drosophila embryos, plays an important role in the response of larval and adult Drosophila to microbial infections. Recent genetic evidence has shown that a mammalian Toll-like receptor, mouse Tlr4, is the signal transducing receptor activated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Thus, Toll-like receptors appear to detect a variety of microbial components and to trigger a defensive reaction in both Drosophila and mammals. Genetic data from both Drosophila and mice have defined components required for activation of Toll-like receptors and for the downstream pathways activated by the Toll-like receptors.}, keywords = {Animals, Bacterial Infections, Drosophila, Drosophila Proteins, Immune System, Insect Proteins, Mammals, Membrane Glycoproteins, Models, Immunological, Mycoses, Receptors, Cell Surface, Receptors, Immunologic, Signal Transduction, Toll-Like Receptor 4, Toll-Like Receptor 5, Toll-Like Receptors}, issn = {0952-7915}, author = {Anderson, K V} }